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Yiwet seg trebbaε timeqranin akk n yibeεεac d arẓaẓen ijenṭiḍen (parasites), yerna sεan azal n 200.000 n leṣnaf. Arẓaẓen-a ttemmγen γef yibeεεac niḍen, yerna ttarwen deg-sen timellalin, dγa ttekkayen deg ussenqes n waṭas n yibeεεac ay izemren ad ḍurren amdan. Amur ameqran seg yifellaḥen ay yesfulluḥen ṭumaṭic ed wexyar deg yexxamen n weplastik, deg Kanada, sseqdacen arẓaẓen-a i wakken ad snegren izi amellal ed yibeεεac niḍen ay asen-yettḍurrun lγella-nsen, yerna s waya, ssinifen i usseqdec n yifarisen (produits) ineγγen ibeεεac ay izemren ad ḍurren tazmert n wemdan.
Yuγ lḥal, imdanen uwyen-d ibeεεac ijenṭiḍen ula seg tmura niḍen γer tmurt-nsen akken ad ḥaṛben ibeεεac yettḍurrun tafellaḥt-nsen. Γef umedya (lemtel), deg yiseggasen n 1930, izi bu umencaṛ n tfisya [Pikonema alaskensis], yella yettnerni s waṭas yerna yekfa axeṣṣar i tẓegwa n tfisya (épicéa) deg wegmuḍ (ccerq) n Kanada. Asmi ay d-uwyen arẓaẓen ijenṭiḍen, ineggura-a bdan ssefruruxen timellalin-nsen deg yizan-nni, yerna sneṭḍen-asen i yizan-nni yiwen n wenfafad (avirus) ay ten-yesnegren. Dγa ass-a, tenqes s waṭas lmaḍerra n yizi bu umencaṛ n tfisya.
Tikkal, medden ttawyen-d imγan seg tmura niḍen γer tmurt-nsen, sakkin imγan-nni ur ḥebbsen seg wefrurex, arma qqlen ttḍurrun. Yuγ lḥal, imγan am wi ttafen iman-nsen imi, deg tmurt-nni tamaynut wuγur ay ten-id-uwyen, ur llin yiγersiwen ara ten-yeccen neγ ara ten-iḍurren. D acu kan, deg Kanada, asmi ara d-awyen kra n yemγi, ttawyen-as-d, tikkal, abeεεuc yellan d aεdaw-nnes akken ad yeḥkem deg wefrurex-nnes. Deg Columbia Tabriṭanit (Kanada), deg yiseggasen n 1950, inefli n Saint-Jean (d yiwen n yemγi yettḍurrun ay d-uwyen seg Tuṛuft), yebda yettḍurru imγan ineṣliyen n tama-a, yerna yeqqel ur yettajja imeksawen ad sεun tuga ara ten-id-ikafen i lmal-nsen. D acu kan, Ikanadiyen uwyen-d yiwen n uxenfus ay ittetten ala inefli n Saint-Jean, yerna abeεεuc-a yessaweḍ ad yessenqes imγi-a s 99%, aya akk war ma iḍurr imγan niḍen. Yuγ lḥal, abrid-a d netta ay igerrzen akk i lmend n weḥkam deg wefrurex n yemγan yettḍurrun, yerna yettajja-aγ ad nessinef i usseqdec n yifarisen (produits) ineγγen imγan, maca, seg tama niḍen, asseqdec n yibeεεac i uḥaṛeb n yemγan yettḍurrun yettεeḍḍil akken ad d-yawey lfayda-nnes, imi, tikkal, aya yezmer ad yeṭṭef arma d 20 n yiseggasen.
Taγeddiwt yeknan (Carduus nutans) d imγi niḍen ay d-uwyen seg Tuṛuft γer Kanada, sakkin yeqqel yettḍurru. I lmend n uḥaṛeb n yemγi-a, imnadiyen ikanadiyen sqedcen yiwen n uxenfus ay ittetten iγef n zzerriεa-nnes. Abeεεuc-a yessaweḍ ad yessenqes taγeddiwt-a yettḍurrun ama deg Kanada, ama deg tmura niḍen deg umaḍal, d taγawsa ay d-yuwyen lfayda tameqrant i tfellaḥt.
Ibeεεac yettḥuddun tawennaḍt
Kra n yemγan sseqdacen tikeḍfin akken ad ẓẓun zzerriεa-nsen. Iεeqqayen n zzerriεa n yemγan-a sεan yiwet n tseḍḍa tamecṭuḥt ay d-ijebbden tikeḍfin. Taseḍḍa-nni tella deg-s zzit ed kra n tnegwa tikruranin (substances chimiques) ay yettajjan tikeḍfin ad zzuγrent aεeqqay-nni n zzerriεa γer temdint-nsent. Mi yuweḍ uεeqqay-nni γer temdint n tkeḍfin, tineggura-a ad ccent taseḍḍa-nni, maca ad d-jjent aεeqqay-nni war ma ḍurrent-t, yerna ad t-zzuγrent γer tgennarit (gallerie) ur ḥwajent. Tigennariyin n temdinin n tkeḍfin, ddaw wakal, ndawent, akal-nsent yelha yerna dergent γef yegḍaḍ ed yiγerdayen. Dγa d aya ay yettajjan aεeqqay-nni ad yemγi. Taẓewẓawt (violette) ed waṭas n yijejjigen niḍen n tefsut ttefruruxen s webrid-a. Taγeddiwt n wezger [Cirsium vulgare] tesεa yiwet n zzerriεa, lemmer ad tt-awyent tkeḍfin γer kra n wemkan ur yeffiγ fell-as (am teẓgi aydeg ur tezmir ad tt-tḥaz tafat n tafukt), tezmer ad tedder ddaw wakal acḥal n yiseggasen.
Yuγ lḥal, tikeḍfin leqqḍent-d zzerriεa i wakken ad tt-ccent, maca tikkal, mi ara d-zzuγrent kra n uεeqqay, zemrent ad t-sṛuḥent deg webrid, dγa d ayen ara yejjen daγen aεeqqay-nni ad d-yemγi. Yuγ lḥal, assaγ (relation) yellan gar yemγi ed tkeḍḍuft d win ay ten-inefεen deg sin, imi, seg tama, imγi-nni yettaf abrid ad yefrurex ed ad tettwazreε zzerriεa-nnes deg yimukan yemgerraden, ma d takeḍḍuft tettett zzirriεa-nni neγ tetteg yes-s lεula.
Ibeεεac tturaren daγen dduṛ deg ussizdeg ed wallus (aεiwed) n usseqdec n wayen yemmuten deg ugama. Taglist (bousier), axenfus-nni ay yettawyen tiburirin n wefraḍ (leγbar), d win ay tent-yesseqdacen i wucci, yerna yettarew deg-sent timellalin-nnes. Ixenfusen inemḍalen (Necrophora) d ibeεεac ay ittetten aksum n yiγersiyen yemmuten, yerna ttεawanen aṭas deg ussizdeg n twennaḍt seg wayen yerkan. Ixenfusen ittetten asγar ed tmadiwin (termites) ssizdigen daγen tawennaḍt seg wesγar ed yemγan yeqquren. Yuγ lḥal, timadiwin tturarent dduṛ d ameqran ula deg lehhu n wakal-nni anda ay ddrent, dγa d aya ay ineffεen imγan ed yiγersiwen niḍen. Aseḍḍenḍaw (collembole) d yiwen n ubeεεuc amecṭuḥ mliḥ, ittedder deg wakal ed yemγan. Γas ur t-ssinen waṭas n medden, yerna yewεeṛ ad t-ẓren, maca yetturar dduṛ d ameqran deg wucci n yigersalen-nni n wakal ay izemren ad ḍurren. Imassanen ttxemmimen abeεεuc-a d netta ay yessenqasen imikṛuben seg wakal, dγa d aya ay yettajjan imγan ad afen iman-nsen.
Sγur Peter Harris ed Peter G. Kevan
Taγbalut: The Canadian Encyclopedia
Tasuqilt sγur Omar Mouffok
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